Skip to navigation | Skip to content



  1. Some reflections on a statement

    Thus far, I haven’t really brought the subject of Chaos Magic up on enfolding, as I wanted to use this blog as a space to develop other interests. But here’s a little something I wrote after I spotted the image below on Twitter.

    “Chaos Magic is not about discarding all rules and restraints, but the process of discovering the most effective guidelines and disciplines which enable you to effect change in the world.”

    Condensed Chaos

    When I wrote that statement (probably in 1994 or thereabouts) it doubtless seemed to me to be a reasonable and accurate statement to make about Chaos Magic. Now, 28 years later, I’m not so sure.

    Continue reading »
  2. Introducing Mary Butts: Storm Goddess

    “I have a weakness for Queer Street, and people who have that are soon past being astonished at anything.”

    “Imaginary Letters”, Ashe of Rings and Other Writings

    “These weeks I have been hindered wanting a formula. These books an occultism with their bastard words, credulities, falsities on facts, emotion & aesthetic falsities, inwardly revolt me. The symbols save when they were purely numeral & abstract, seemed but poor correspondences. Then I came back on a sudden turn. I remembered Prolegomena & the others, the profoundest study of my adolescence – mystery cults from Thrace to Eleusis. I remembered the Bacchae. There are my formulae, there my words of power. I am rereading the Prolegomena – it reels off before me in plain script (all the more because it was written by a woman, with no magical thesis to prove). There I shall find the way.”

    Journal entry, 21 April, 1920

    Sometimes the pieces I’ve scheduled to write for this blog just don’t seem to come together. What seemed like a good idea two months ago now seems flat and lifeless. My enthusiasm for ‘x’ essay has flown the coop – and anyone who’s been reading enfolding regularly will know that I have several not-quite-finished series of posts left hanging around. I’ll come back to them one day, or so I keep telling myself.

    The fallback plan is to go through my numerous ‘writing’ folders and see what pops up. The other day I found a collection of jottings and related files in a folder labeled “Mary Butts 2013”. Looks as though a mere eight years ago I’d planned on writing something about Mary Butts, a novelist and magician whose life and work has been a long-time interest of mine, and whom I feel could do with more recognition and attention by contemporary occultists. Hence this post, a short introduction to the life and literary career of one of the twentieth-centuries most flamboyant occult practitioners, of whom composer Virgil Thomas said she was able to “stir up others with drink and drugs and magic incantations” calling her, “the storm goddess.”

    Continue reading »
  3. Pan: A Clergyman’s Redemption in Margery Lawrence’s How Pan Came to Little Ingleton

    ‘Oh great god Pan, I know Thee! – I thank Thee – I bless Thee . . . Thee and all Thy People great and small – for indeed, indeed beneath the mantle of the God whose name is Love, is there not room for all in His world to shelter?’

    I’ve only recently begun to read the magical fiction of Margery Lawrence (1889-1969), and admittedly, am wondering why I have never encountered her before, as the more I read about her, the more fascinating she sounds. A prolific author, she wrote over thirty novels and short story collections. Curiously though, there seems to be a dearth of critical scholarship analyzing her work.

    I have yet to find a full biography of Lawrence, but here’s what I’ve managed to cobble together from various sources.

    Continue reading »
  4. Book Review: Pan: The Great God’s Modern Return

    The resurgence of my interest in exploring the various representations of Pan has kept me alert to new treatments of the goat-foot god, and I was rather excited, only a few weeks ago to find, on Twitter, the announcement of a new book by Paul Robichaud; Pan: The Great God’s Modern Return (Reaktion Books 2021, Hardback, 344pp, 34 illustrations, 13 in colour). A quick message to the author, then an email to the publishers, and I had a review copy pdf ready for me to avidly read.

    Continue reading »
  5. Theosophy and Race – II: Nordic Aryans

    In the previous post in this series, I briefly examined the influence of Sir William Jones, then followed through with Max Müller’s two-race theory of India, and his popularization (much to his later chagrin) of the term “Aryan” as a racial category. Continuing from where I left off, I will now turn to a brief discussion of how nineteenth-century race science deployed the concept of the Aryan.

    Continue reading »
  6. Reading Dion Fortune’s Psychic Self-Defence – IV

    This is the last (for now) of my four mammoth Twitter threads commenting on Dion Fortune’s 1930 book, Psychic Self-Defence. This thread was originally posted on Twitter on 29 August 2021.

    Continue reading »
  7. Reading Dion Fortune’s Psychic Self-Defence – III

    The third of my excessively long Twitter threads examining Dion Fortune’s Psychic Self-Defence, originally posted on 28 August 2021.

    Continue reading »
  8. Reading Dion Fortune’s Psychic Self-Defence – II

    Continuing on from the previous post, here is a condensation of my Twitter thread originally posted on August 27, 2021. Here’s part two (see thread of 26 August) of my interrogative reading of Dion Fortune’s classic Psychic Self Defence, a book for which the phrase “paranoid reading” seems somehow appropriate (with apologies to Eve Sedgwick).

    Continue reading »
  9. Reading Dion Fortune’s Psychic Self-Defence – I

    Over the last few days on Twitter, I have been engaged in a close, chapter-by-chapter reading of Dion Fortune’s book, Psychic Self-Defence (first published in 1930). I began this exercise after becoming involved in a discussion about the merits of ‘psychic hygiene’ and I posted a thread detailing my own experiences and perspectives on ‘psychic attack’. I thought it would be instructive to take a look at the content of  Psychic Self-Defence (PSD) in order to discuss the origins of the genre of ‘psychic defense’ texts, of which Fortune’s book, widely hailed as a classic, is one of the first.

    The reception of these threads has been very positive, and several readers have requested that I turn them into permanent posts here. I shall return to them periodically in an attempt to explore their various ramifications and lines of inquiry emerging from them. What began as a rather light-hearted exercise in critical commentary became increasingly complex as I began to look for supporting material with which to contextualize Fortune’s remarks.

    Continue reading »
  10. Theosophy and Race – I: Orientalists and Aryans

    The East, formerly a land of dreams, of fables, and fairies, has become to us a land of unmistakeable reality; the curtain between the West and the East has been lifted, and our old forgotten home stands before us again in bright colours and definite outlines.

    Max Müller, 1874

    It’s frequently asserted that Nazi racial ideology came directly out of nineteenth-century esoteric movements – in particular, the writings of H.P. Blavatsky and other members of the Theosophical Society. This is an over-simplification of a complex subject, and one worth examining in detail. In order to do this comprehensively, I will first take a look at some of the background context – the ideas about race that were circulating prior to the advent of the Theosophical Society. I’ll begin with a brief examination of the term “Aryan” and its tangled historical trajectory prior to its adoption by Theosophists, focusing on the influence of two orientalist scholars, Sir William Jones, and Max Müller.

    Continue reading »